The Korean Society of Surface Science and Engineering

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining attention as safe, low-cost, and environmentally friendly energy storage systems. Despite progress in Zn metal anode stabilization, cathode optimization remains the primary challenge limiting practical performance. This review categorizes the major degradation mechanisms of AZIB cathodes into four pathways: dissolution of active materials, formation of by-products, structural distortion caused by repeated Zn²⁺/H⁺ insertion, and intrinsic limits in theoretical capacity. Based on this framework, we examine key cathode families-Mn-based oxides, V-based oxides, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives, highlighting structural features, charge-storage mechanisms, failure modes, and recent engineering strategies. Approaches such as pre-intercalation, defect/interface engineering, electrolyte optimization, conductive composites, and MOF-derived architectures are emphasized as effective routes to enhance stability and Zn²⁺ transport. Finally, design principles and future research directions for high-performance AZIB cathodes are proposed.

키워드 Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries; Cathode Degradation; Mn- and V-based oxides; Prussian blue analogues; Metal–organic frameworks.